Graded Moisture Deficit Effect on Secondary Metabolites, Antioxidant, and Inhibitory Enzyme Activities in Leaf Extracts of Rosa damascena Mill. var. trigentipetala

Drought affects plant growth and yield in many agricultural areas worldwide by producing negative water potentials the root zone that reduce availability, affecting development metabolism. This study investigated effect of varying moisture regimes (100% field capacity (FC), well-watered plants, 50% FC (moderate stress), 25% (severe stress)) on parameters, chlorophyll content, bioactive molecule patterns, impact antioxidant, lipoxygenase (LOX), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities Rosa damascena. The deficit treatments reduced biomass production for both (?29 ?33%, respectively, MWS SWS) total (?18 ?38% respectively SWS), relative to control. treatment had greatest phenolic profiles their respective functionalities, with significant increases levels phenolic, benzoic (gallic, p-coumaric, syringic acids) (+32%), cinnamic (caffeic trans-cinnamic acid) acids (+19%) flavonoids (epicatechin-3-O-gallate) (+15%) compared leaves (control leaves). also exhibited highest potential antioxidant (apart from NO-quenching activity), evidenced lowest IC50 EC50 values. inhibitory LOX AChE capacities varied depending severity stress, superior activity treatment. Overall, drought tolerance rose was associated mainly its suitable manipulation orderly regulation activities.